People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits(Ì××°), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or d rink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
¡¡¡¡ In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" an d "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that avail able for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming(´ò°ç)-shorter hair, moderate use of makeª²up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won¡¯t get a job."
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¡¡¡¡40. The best title for this passage would be __________.
¡¡¡¡A) Role of Women and Minorities in Management
¡¡¡¡B) The Importance of Being Visible
¡¡¡¡C) Job Performance and Advancement
¡¡¡¡D) Sex and Career Success
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¡¡¡¡The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.
¡¡¡¡The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone¡¯s experience in the organization.
¡¡¡¡Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, CocaCola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he¡¯s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won¡¯t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.
¡¡¡¡Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales(ÕÏÑÛÎï) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporation s deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you¡¯ll get ahead-t hat someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they¡¯ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down(ʹ²»Í»³ö) their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
¡¡¡¡25. The author is critical mainly of _________.
¡¡¡¡A) inferior packaging
¡¡¡¡B) dishonest packaging
¡¡¡¡C) the changes in package size
¡¡¡¡D) exaggerated illustrations on packages
¡¡¡¡It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive (ÆÛÆ­ÐÔµÄ) packaging rumpus (ÐúÏù) started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10. 5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.
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¡¡¡¡In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.
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¡¡¡¡Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk(·Ï»°)". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever - common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society¡¯s moral catastrophes (ÔÖÄÑ),yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments(À§¾³) of other people¡¯s lives.
¡¡¡¡Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and
¡¡¡¡an individual¡¯s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work weekly, to getting to know your neighbors.
¡¡¡¡Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a ¡°final word¡±. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
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¡¡¡¡Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show¡¯s main target audience are middle - class Americans. Most of these people have the time. money, and stability to deal with life¡¯s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 - to 21 - year - olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show¡¯s exploitation.
¡¡¡¡While the two shows are as different as night and day. both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.
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¡¡¡¡pared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are______.
¡¡¡¡A) more family - oriented
¡¡¡¡B) unusually popular
¡¡¡¡C) more profound
¡¡¡¡D) relatively formal
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¡¡¡¡22.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience______.
¡¡¡¡A) remain fascinated by them
¡¡¡¡B) are ready to face up to them
¡¡¡¡C) remain indifferent to them
¡¡¡¡D) are willing to get involved in them
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¡¡¡¡23.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?
¡¡¡¡A) A new type of robot.
¡¡¡¡B) Racist hatred.
¡¡¡¡C) Family budget planning.
¡¡¡¡D) Street violence.
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¡¡¡¡24.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both________.
¡¡¡¡A) ironical
¡¡¡¡B) sensitive
¡¡¡¡C) instructive
¡¡¡¡D) cynical
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¡¡¡¡25.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______.
¡¡¡¡A) have monopolized the talk show circuit
¡¡¡¡B) exploit the weaknesses in human nature
¡¡¡¡C) appear at different times of the day
¡¡¡¡D) are targeted at different audiences
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